Car truck



Jam 2a 1945- R. B. COTTRELL 2,366,150

CAR TRUCK Filed Nov. 6, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet l y Jan. v2,l 1945.

R. B. CQTTRELL CAR TRUCK Filed NOV. 6, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 5Wisel'engagessaid columns. t y l My invention `alsofcomprehendssmlchanzir` rangement1 as that just described whereinthel s `20` tInemloerand of the bolster-ends are similarwso t Patented fJan. 2, y

"assenso `Rfobert i AmericanSteel Foundries, Chicago, Ill., a cor-`porationoli-Newiiersey My invention relates to a railway cartruck andespecially to` a type "of ltruck commonly used sin freight carsl with`spaced truss typeuside. frames and a6 connecting bolster or, loadcarrying Tmember.

t `A Ageneral objectief mylin'ventionis to devisegan wheel changetruck;l especially` adapted for use in high speed service. t t t o ,Aspecificl object of t my :inventionx is `to `devise a practical formoflhighvspeedtruok of1quicktwheel change type Whereineacliside framegisafforded bolster guide meanswcentrally "of, `the columns,

and .the ends of `the bolster are formed Wthi shelf` portions which mayengage lwiththe .columns-asf Well l as" with an interlocking-` ymember,which likecolumn engaging surfacesQof `the interlocking surfaces on theguide. Columna` l i y ;A diiferentobject of my invention istomdeyise afreight ,carltruck of the abovegeneraigtype thateach may `engage lthesar-ne` ;fcor`npleme ntary improved form of a `Well-known `type ofnoquick thel-Sdeiframettaken substantially inth'e plane yindicatedbyjthetlie 5%5 of Figure A1. l t

y Figures "6 an'd ,'Zyshow .thejdetail of my-"novel y i frmfofinterlocking member; .gulef being a half@top lraan,I andjRigure 7 ahalfiside :elevation my 4novel truck arrangement." Figure L8 .being` a Iintermediate.

iragrilelita-'Cy` longitudinaluertdal sectional `View in l afplanelfljust)outboard1thelirictionshoe carrier, `Figure 9, y 1a'fragmentary, 1 Vertical sectional Figuren 8f, Aanld' Figurel .'10affurthenfragmentary sectional View ,takenlin the" horizontal transversepianeindicatenlybyrhenne,wenn of Figure s; y l shows aiurther Indiiication of `the y uni-ing the montani@ supporta i `My novel `truckarrangement comprises a cornpressionmember atensionmeinber 4,`mergingattheir 1.ends",asatifiifol:connection Lto Wheel COnriecting/trrieans,met shown) and i-QDIIiected 25 whereini the `.interlocking `member. mayhave integrally` formed therewitha housing Withspaced friction .Wallsinto engagement Withtv Whichmay t be resiliently 'urged friction shoes.for `slidablercooperationtherewitm t t l l i ,My novel ,arrangementlmaylfurther icompreelevation fof Eigllrel; "The tensionmandcompreslsonfmembersland ,spaced columns t "delne `the y usual tcentral-.bolster Iorienin'gll 0 and over `said bolster opening 4`time..Qomnression member may haw/eine tn0X-,sea-ion:indicated at l2 ninguna3,

While 1` beneath jsaidfbolsteryopening .the ,tension y member .maylikewise harefarboX-fsection `With .a

hend. such; a structure as `thatabove iset forth wherein the friction,shoes for @cooperation with the friction ,surfaces on the interlocking`member may b e l conveniently fand removably supported from the`tension` member offthe side `frame.

)In thewdrawings, Figure 1` isW a fragmentary side elevation fof`aurailway car trucka embodying myfinvention, onlyoneendportion of theside frame `being illustrated inasmuch as the structure is similar, atoppositeends. l V i r Figure 2 is= a fragmentary `top planvew of thetruckstiucturefshown in Figure Land Figure"3` is-` a fragmentarysectionalA view thereof,"the"sec7 tionbeing taken inJ the `Verticalplane "bisecting l central',` l member-maybe widened?underlsad'blsterOpenbottom chord I4, a topchord `Hi,A nboai'd andl outboardsde Wallsl iand 26 reinforced by i triangular 4ribs"11'42"3122., y.said tnsion imember section y being. further nforced bythe` longitudinal 16.1241 "Thetop iWeb I 6, "of dsaid. .tension ing` to define the spring seat 2 5,and forme d with v upstandingginboartdand outboard flanges `26seatedpnthe Ls `the truck transversely and as indcatedllby iheI imately:through taken inthe vertical plane indicated bythe linel 4-"4 oflFgure1, lsadsection being,takenfapprcix-` the `'middle yor one infine"niotion devices; y

be alignedlalong, thel inboar'd t andoutboardl ,edgesof.saidlspringtseatlas best seen in' .the top `plan tiondevicetherebetween tofbelmore particularly describedhereafter.l "3 t y Iy y y j @Extendii nintothe.daolsteit.opening,Iii maybe the endofsthebolster ."gelgierally, designated 40, l Seid bolster @was widenedtop prtivn i .with acshelfelileastrueturel Maaatgeach t-nsicleu1thereof,

heir ends `by snacedlcolumns 8, 8, l

the respective side walls 82, 82.

said'shelf-like structure having a depth A (Figure 1) less than theclearance B above the centrally disposed bolster guide ilange 44 on theadjacent column so that said bolster may be pro` of the adjacent columnis convex and complementary to the side Wall ofthe bolster as may benoted at 50. l

The end of the bolster 40 is of general boxsection with a top wall 52,abottom wall 54 with downwardly projecting spring positioning lugs 55,

55, a side wall 56, and a central, vertical longi-j tudinal flange 58.,AThe bottom wall 54 is aiiorded a shallow transverse recess extendingthereacross for reception of the base wall 60 of the'interlocking'c'asting generally designated 62, said interlocking castinghaving at each end thereof a Vertical portion 64 with a side wallcontour similar to that of the bolster and complementary to the guidesurface on the adjacent column asmay be noted at 66 in the top planyview of Figure 6. Each end portion 64 is formed with a flat inner face68 which may abut as at 10 (Figure 1) the adjacent side Wall 56 of thebolster, and said vertical portion 64 may be interlocked with saidcasting 62 is a friction housing 80 extending for substantially thelength of said casting and depending from the base `wall 60 thereof,said housing 80 comprising parallel side walls 82, 82,an

intermediate wall 86, andeend wallsV 88, 88 reinforced by the triangularribs 90,l 90 in line with r1l`he intermediate wall 86 may be cored awayat its bottom end as best seen at` 94 in the sectional view of Figure 3and core openings may also be formed in the upper corners thereof as at96, 96 for c onvenient foundry practice.

The friction housing 80 is openat its lower en d, and said housingprojects downwardly from'the bottom of the interlocking casting 62 forcooperation with friction means supported from the tension member of theside frame. Said friction means comprises similar arrangements atrespective ends of the housing 80, only one of which may be described.Each friction means 'comprises a plurality of friction shoe supports 98,

98 having bases |00, |00 recessed as at. |02 in the top web of thetension member, each of said shoe supports having a vertical leg |04projecting upwardly through an associated slot |06 in the retainingplate |08, also recessed inthe top web of the tension member, and seatedas at ||0, ||0

-(Figures 3 and 4) on the shouldered edge of the recess at |02. Theplate |08`has a top surface coplanar with the top surface of the web `I6of the tension member, said plate thus forming a portion of the area onwhich may be superposed the coil springs 38, 38 so that said coilsprings serve to maintain said plate and said friction shoe supports innormal operating position. Chatter may be avoided by utilizing a rubberpad 2 under the bases of the shoe support if desired, as illustrated inthe sectional views of Figures 3 and 4. At th upper end of each frictionshoe support |04 may be carried a friction shoe ||4 having frictionalengagement as at 6 with the adja- I cent side walls 82, 82 of thehousing 80, and un' der-compression between the opposed friction shoes||4,v ||4 may be the rubber pad ||8 positioned with respect to saidshoes as at |20, |20.

`In this arrangement, each friction shoe I4 is relatively large and hasAone entire face in flat frictional engagement with the adjacent wall ofthe friction housing and, inasmuch as four of such shoes are afforded,it will readily be seen, i that a large amount of friction can bedeveloped if desired without undue wear. At the same time, the degree offriction developed may be controlled within reasonable limits by thecharacter of the resilient member I8 compressed between opposed shoes.

In the modification illustrated in Figures 8, 9, and 10, the side framestructure may be generally similar to that of the previous modificationand include the tension member 202 and the integral column 204 withthe-bolster guide lug 206 formed on the upper portion thereof,saidtension mem-l ber beneath the bolster opening 208 having aboxsection with a bottom web 2|0, inboard and outboard walls 2|2 and2|4, the intermediate longitudihal rib 2|6, and the top chord 2|8reinforced by the upstanding inboard and outboard flanges 220 and 222,thus defining the spring seat 224 on which may be positioned a pluralityof coil springs diagrammatically indicated at 226, 226 l(Figure 10).Upstanding lugs 228, 228 may serve to position the respective coilsprings, and additional positioning lugs 230, 230 may be formed'on saidyspring seat, intermediate adjacent coils, as best seen in the View ofFigure 10.

l As in the previous modification the top chord 2|8 of the'tensionmember defining the `spring seat may be recessed as at 232 for receptionof the friction shoe retainer plate generally designated 234, said platehaving a rectangular'base, the top face of which may be flush with thespring Vseat 224 in order that the respective coils seat thereon as bestillustrated in Figure l0. At each end of the retainer plate 234 andcentrallypositioned thereon may be the upstanding T-section lug 236 atopposite sides of which may be carried friction' shoes 238, 238, each ofsaid shoes being slotted at its lower vend as at 240 for mounting-onsaid lug `238. Each friction` shoe may have secured there- In thismodification the integrally 'formed interlocking member and frictionhousing generally designated 250 is similar in `form and func-I tion tothatof the previous modification and Ycomprises the base wall 252 andthe upstanding end portions 254, 254 for interlocking engagementwith theguide lugs 206, 206 on'the respective columns of the side frame, saidinterlockingA member 250 also comprising the upstanding cen'-l ascensotrai-'111g zj5s-whie1frmay be interloekerwitii they bolster as*described forthe vprevious f modifica- `tion` as well as theitransverser-rib"258 at jeach end thereof reinforcing theadjacentjendportion 254 and-also yrecessed inthe lateral wall of thebolster also Ain previous modification.

manner describedfor the t The dependingfrictionlhousing formedas anintegral part of the member 250 -may `havethe `lateral walls thereof`reinforcedbyjspaced depending -ribs 260, 260and at the juncture of`eachrib with the base plate 252 `maybe formed springpositioningvmeansfZGZ,1262. `Each end wall`1264 of the friction housing`maybe cored away as at 266, 266 Figure `8) to reduce `the weighttherfeofwSimilarly the baseplate`252 maybe cored away as at 268;` i

'Figure 1i r have iuustrated `afurtner `slight member 302`has a topchord 304 defining `the spring seat 306 on which may be positionedresilient-,meansas described for the previous modications. shown inFigure 11, the `spring seat 306 mayhave integrally formedupstandingT-section lugs 308 at each-side thereof on which may bepositionedjfrictionshoes jfragmentarily indicated at 3I0, 310' inmannersubstantially identical to the showing of Figure 9 except that the11p-standing lug in `the modification in Figspaced columns deninga`central bolster opening, `a `spring group' on 4said `tension member insaidopening, a bolster `extending into said opening in `guidingengagement `with said columns, an interlocking `member associated withsaid bolster and in guiding engagement )with said columns,

said bolster and interlocking member` being seated on said spring group;saidfinterlocking member having *integrally formed"therewith` dependingwalls with opposed friction surfaces, friction "shoe supports havingbases recessed in the top chord of said tensionimernber, retainingmeansIthere-v for, each `of said supports having a vertical leg extendingVthrough said retainingmeans, friction shoes supported on said verticallegs in engagementiwith said opposed friction surfaces, and resilientmeans under compression between s-aid friction shoes. m

2. In a railway car truck, `a `truss side frame having tensionandcompression `members and spaced columns dening a bolster opening,bolsterguide jmeans on, each of said Icolumns Acentrally thereof, a'bolsterextendingdnto said` openingl with a widened shelf-like topportion in`guiding engagement with said columns, and an interlockingmemberrecessed in the bottomwallof said bolster and having. upstanding endscooperating `with said lshelf portionf'and also inguidingrengagementwith `said columns, nsaid 'interlocking member f having .integrallyformed Atherewith spaced friction surfaces, means on 'said tensionmemberfsupporting frictionshoes nfor engagement W'lth. said surfacesrespectively; vandfnesilient 4 modification `wherein the 'box-sectionAtension l surfaces. t l im i i f 3. `In a `railway -car truck, a;lsideframe` having i s-hoes in engagementfwithjrespective frictionatension `member and spaced columns `defining in `part a bolsteropeningaspring group on said` tension member, abolsterjjextending1into"said` openingwith af-topshelf portion ofrestricted depth in guiding engagement-with=said columns,

an interlocking member 'fixed tol saidA bolster"in` i cooperativeengagementwith said columnsysaid interlocking member having walls withopposed friction surfaces,` means on said tension member supportingfriction shoes `in engagement with `said surfaces,`and aresilient padunder compression between said-friction shoes, said topfshelfportio'nlhaving` Ia depthv less than the clearance between thebolster`guide 'surfaces on saidcolumns and the top of said bolster` opening. i

4.* In a railway 'car truck, a side frame having tension and compression`members `and spaced columns defining a bolsteropeninga springseat onsaidtension memberin` said opening, 'a springgroup thereon, Aa hbolster`extending into said .opening in guiding `engagement with saidfcolumns,an interlocking member cooperating with said "bolsterand said columns,said interlocking member` and bolster being :seated `on said spring-`group, said spring group' `comprising `springs aligned along'theinboardand outboard edges of said seat, saidlinterlocking 'member having-fric`` n pression between said friction shoes.

5; Ina railway `oar truck, a side framehaving tension and compressionmembers and* `spaced columns defining a "bolster `opening, `a springgroup onlsaid tension member in `said opening, a

bolsterextending intosaid opening in `guiding engagement with `saidcolumns, an interlocking member `associated withsaid bolster and inguiding engagement with said columnsysaid bolster and interlocking`memberbeing `seated on `said fspring group, saidinterlocking memberhaving `a housing with opposed -friction surfaces, means mounted on saidtension member `supporting friction shoes in engagement'withtherespe`c-` tive friction surfaces, and` resilient `means -`undercompression between said shoes.` i `6. Ina railway car truck, `a trussside-frame havingftension and` compression membersrand spaced columnsdening a central bolster `open` ing, a yspringgroupon said tensionmember in said cpeninga bolsterextendinginto said -opening in guiding`engagement "withysaid columns,"

an interlocking memberlassociated with said bol# ster and in guidingengagement with Vsaid 3co1 umns, said bolster 'andinterlockingmemberjbeing seated on Wsaid spring group, said interlocking memberhaving integrally formed therewith "de-` pending 'walls Withopposedfriction surfaces,

friction` shoe "supportsl carried on saidv tension member, frictionshoes mounted on said supports in `engagement with said frictionsurfaces,` and resilient lmeans under compression between said l shoes.

, 7. In a railway `car truck, a side frame having `a tension member andspaced columnsdening inA part a bolster opening,a spring group on Saidtensionmember, a bolster extending into said opening withfr'a top `shelf.ortion ,of restricted means underwcompression "between fthe ifrictionrlan interlocking member fixed to said bolster incooperative engagementwith said columns, said interlocking member' having means with opposedfriction surfaces, and means on said tension member supporting frictionshoes in engagement with said surfaces, said top shelf portion having adepth less than the 'clearance between the bolster guide surfaces onsaid columns and the top of said bolsterv opening.

`8. In a railway car truck, a 4side frame having tension and compressionmembers and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, a spring seat onsaid tension member in said opening, a spring group thereon, a bolsterextending into said opening in guiding engagement with said columns, aninterlocking member cooperating with said bolster and said columns, saidinterlocking member and bolster being vseated on said spring group, saidspring group comprising springs aligned along the inboard and outboardedges of said seat, said interlocking member having friction Wallsdepending between said inboai'd and outboard springs, friction shoesupports carried on said tension member, and friction shoes supportedtherefrom in engagement with said friction surfaces.

9. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension andcompression members and spaced columns defining a bolster opening,bolster guide means on each of said-columns centrally thereof, a bolsterextending into said opening with a widened shelf-like top portion inguiding engagement with said columns, and an interlocking memberrecessed in the bottom wall of said bolster and having upstanding endscooperating with said shelf portion and also in guiding engagement withsaid columns, said in-` terlocking member having depending spacedfriction surfaces, and means on said tension member supporting frictionshoes for engagement with said surfaces respectively.

10. In a railway car truck, a side frame `having tension and compressionmembers and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, a spring group onsaid tension member in said opening, a bolster extending into saidlopening 'in guiding engagement with said columns, an interlocking memberassociated With said bolster and vin guiding engagement with saidcolumns, said bolster and interlocking member being seated on saidspring group, said interlocking member having depending means withopposed friction surfaces, and means mounted on said tension membersupporting friction shoes in engagement with the respective frictionsurfaces.

` 11. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension andcompression `members and spaced columns defining a central bolsteropening, a spring group on said tension member in said opening, abolster extending into said opening in guiding engagement with saidcolumns, an interlocking member associated with said bolster and inguiding engagement with said columns, said bolster and interlockingmember being seated on said spring group, said interlocking memberhaving walls with opposed .friction surfaces, friction shoe supportscarried on said tension member, and friction shoes mounted on saidsupports in engagement with said friction surfaces.

12. In a car truck, a truss side frame having a central bolster opening,a spring group on said side frame, a bolster seated on said spring groupin said opening in cooperative engagement with said frame, and a memberfixed to said bolster for interlocking said side frame and bolster, saidinterlocking member having spaced depending Walls, friction surfaces oneach of said Walls, friction shoe support means carried on said frame,lfriction shoes mounted on said support means in engagement with saidfriction surfaces, said `friction shoes being mounted in pairs with therespective shoes of each 'pair in opposed `relationship to each other,and resilient means under compression between the shoes of each pair.

13, In a railway car truck, a side frame having tension and compressionmembers and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, bolster guidemeans centrally positioned` on said columns, a spring seat on saidtension member in said opening, a spring group thereon, said springgroup comprising springs aligned along the inboard and outboard edges ofsaid seat, a bolster extending into said opening in guiding engagementwith said columns, an interlocking member securedto said bolsterincooperative engagement with said columns, said interlocking memberhaving integrally formed spaced friction surfaces, means on said tensionmember supporting friction shoes in. engagement with said surfaces, anda resilient member under compression between said shoes.

14.v In a railway car truck, a side frame having a tension member andspaced columns defining in `part a bolsterl opening, a spring group onsaid tension member, a bolster extending into said opening with a topshelf portion of restricted depth in guiding engagement with saidcolumns, an Yinterlocking member secured to the bolster in cooperativeengagement with said columns, ysaid interlocking member having wallswith opposed friction surfaces, means on said tension member supportingfriction shoes in engagementV with said surfaces, and resilient meansunder compression betweensaid friction shoes.

15. In a railway car truck, a side frame having tension and compressionmembers and spaced columns dening a bolster opening, bolster guide meanscentrally positioned on said columns, a spring seat on said tensionmember in said opening, a spring group thereon, said spring groupcomprising springs aligned along the inboard and outboard edges of saidseat, a bolster extending into said opening in guiding engagement withsaid columns, an interlocking member xed to said bolster in cooperativeengagement with said columns, said interlocking member having integrallyformed spaced friction surfaces, and means on said tension memberVsupporting frictionshoes in engagement with said surfaces.

16. In a railway Qar truck, a side frame having a tension member andspaced columns defining in part a bolster opening, a spring group onsaid tension member, a bolster extending into said opening with a topshelf portion of restricted depth in guiding engagement withsaid'columns, an interlocking member secured to said bolster incooperative engagement with said columns, said interlocking memberhaving depending Walls with opposed friction surfaces, and means on saidtension member supporting friction shoes in engagement with saidsurfaces.

17. In a car truck, a truss side frame having a central bolster opening,a spring group on said side frame, a bolster seated on said spring groupin said opening in cooperative engagement with said frame, a membersecured to said bolster for interlocking said side frame andl bolster,said interlocking member having depending walls with opposed frictionsurfaces, means mounted on said side frame supporting friction shoes inengagei i i 2,366,180`

ment with said surfaces, and a resilient pad under compression betweensaid shoes.

18. In a railway car truck,- :a side frame comprising a bolster opening,a spring group on said frame in said opening, a bolster supported onsaid spring group, anda friction absorbing device beneath said bolsterand comprising followers supported fromsaid frame and said bolsterrespectively, and friction shoes supportedby one of said followers andresiliently urged into engagement withthe other, one of said followershaving a wall recessed in said bolster and afford-` ing a seat coplanarwith the bottom wall thereof for abutment `of saidspring group, saidspring` group affording the sole means of retaining said last-mentionedfollower in normal relationship with said bolster.

19. In a railway car truck, a side frame comprising a bolster opening, aspring group on said frame in said opening, a bolster supported on'saidspring group, and a friction absorbing device comprising followerssupported from said frame and said bolster respectively, and frictionshoes supported by one of said followers in engagement with the other,at least one of said followers being partially recessed in itssupporting member and withsaid member affording a, coplanar seat for oneend of said spring group, said spring group acting to retain saidlast-mentioned follower and its supporting member in normalrelationship.

20. In a railway car truck, a side frame member comprising a bolsteropening, resilient means on said member in said opening, a bolster mem-`ber supported on said means, a follower compris'- ingwspaced frictionwalls supported beneath said" bolster member from one of said members,fol` lower stems each comprising a base recessed in` the other membenaretaining plateirecessed in the last mentioned member and comprisingslots therethrough, said follower stems projecting.A

through said slots, friction means on said stems in engagement withrespective walls, and resilient means urging said friction means intosaid engagement.

21. Ina railway car truck, aside frame member comprising a bolsteropening, resilient means on said member in said opening, a bolstermember supported on said means, a"'follower comprising spaced frictionwalls supported beneath said bolster member from one of said members,follower stems each comprising a base recessed inthe other member, aretaining plate recessed in the last mentioned member and comprisingslots therethrough, said follower stems` projecting through said slots,frictionmeans on said stems in engagei `ment with respective walls, aresilient pad ,com-` pressed between said` bases and the associatedmember, and resilient means urging said friction means into saidengagement.

22. In a railway car truck, a frame member comprising a bolster opening,resilient means on` said frame member in said opening, `a bolster`member supported on said means, alfollower comprising spaced frictionwalls supported beneath said bolster member from one 0f said members..`follower stemseach comprising a base recessed in the other member,means retaining said bases in assembly and permitting restrictedmovement thereof with respect to the associated member, friction meanson said stems in engagement with respective walls, and resilient meansurging said friction' means into said engagement.

23. In a railway car truck, a frame member comprising a bolster opening,resilient means on` l said frame member in said opening, a bolstermember supported on said means,` a follower associated with one of saidmembers and comprising spaced friction walls beneath the bolster member,a T-shaped follower associated with the other of said members, frictionshoes comprising openings slidably receiving the respective horizontalflanges of said T-shaped follower, and resilient means under compressionbetween said shoes for urging theminto engagement with resp'ectivewalls.

24. In a railway car truck, a side frame comprising a bolster opening, agroup of springs on said frame in said opening, a bolster supported .onsaid group, and a friction absorbing device comprising a follower havinga web recessed in the bottom wall of saidbolster and affording a surfacecoplanar with the bottom of said wall for abutment of said group, saidsprings being seated partially against said vsurface and partiallyagainst said wall, and friction means supported from said frame infrictional engagement with said follower. i

25. In a railway car truck, a side frame having spaced columns atopposite sides of a bolster opening, a group of springs on said frame insaid opening, a bolstersupporte'd on said group, a-r'id a frictionabsorbing device `comprising a follower having a web recessed in thebottom wall of `said bolster and affording a surface coplanar with thebottom of said wall for, abutment of said group, "said springs beingseated partially against said surface and partially against saidwall,and friction means supported from said frame in engage `ment with saidfollower, portions of said followery i being interlocked with saidcolumns.

26. In a railway car truck, a side frame having spaced columns atopposite sides of a bolster opening, a spring group on said frame insaid opening, a bolster supportedfon said group, and 'a frictionabsorbing device beneath said bolster and comprising followers supportedrespectively from said frame and said bolster, and friction shoessupported by one of said followers and resiliently urgedl intoengagement with the other,

one of said followers having a wall recessed in said bolster affording aseat coplanar with the` bottom wall thereof for abutment of said group,

said spring group affording the' sole means of rejtaining saidlast-mentioned follower in normal relationship with said bolster, atleast one of said followers having interlocking engagement `withsupportedrespectively from said frame and said bolster, and frictionshoes supported by one of` said columns.

27g In a railway car truck, a side frame comprising spaced columnsdefining in part a bolster l opening, a spring group on said frame insaid opening,` a bolster supported on said group, and a frictionabsorbing device comprising followers said followers in engagement withthe other, at least one of said followers being partially recessed inits supporting` member and with said member affording a coplanar seatfor one end of said group, said spring group acting to retain saidlast-mentioned follower` and its supporting member in normalrelationship, and at least one of said followers having an interlockwithsaid columns.

`ROBERT B. COTTRELL.

